Симметрия в науке и искусстве ⇐ Васина Википедия

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'''''Symmetry in Science and Art''''' is a book by Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov|A.V. Shubnikov and Vladimir Alexandrovich Koptsik|V.A. Koptsik published by Springer Science+Business Media#History|Plenum Press in 1974. The book is a translation of ''Simmetrija v nauke i iskusstve'' (Russian: Симметрия в науке и искусстве) published by Nauka (publisher)|Nauka in 1972. The book was notable because it gave English-language speakers access to Russian work in the fields of Dichromatic symmetry|dichromatic and polychromatic symmetry.

==Structure and topics==
The book is divided into two parts. The first part is an updated version of A.V. Shubnikov's 1940 book ''Symmetry: laws of symmetry and their application in science, technology and applied arts'' (Russian: Симметрия : законы симметрии и их применение в науке, технике и прикладном искусстве). The following types of classical (one-color) and dichromatic (two-color) symmetries are covered in the first part of the book: Point groups in two dimensions|one-sided rosettes, Point reflection|figures with a singular point, Frieze group|one-sided bands, Dichromatic symmetry#Dimensional counts|two-sided bands, Rod group|rods, Wallpaper group|network patterns, Layer group|layers and space groups.

The second part consists of three new chapters written by V.A. Koptsik covering the following subjects: group theory, Space group|crystallographic groups, Dichromatic symmetry|antisymmetry, Polychromatic symmetry|colored symmetry, Symmetry|symmetry in science and art, and conservation laws.

==Audience==
The book is written for crystallographers, mathematicians and physicists who are interested in the application of color symmetry to crystal structure analysis and physics experiments involving Magnetism|magnetic or Ferroelectricity|ferroelectric materials. Werner Nowacki in his review of the book for Science (journal)|Science stated: "This is an extraordinary book, dealing with symmetry in all its aspects and written for the nonspecialist as well as the specialist (crystallographer and physicist) in this domain of natural sciences."

==Reception==
The book had a mixed reception from contemporary reviewers. Marc H. Bornstein in a review for ''Leonardo (journal)|Leonardo'' praised the book: "Shubnikov and Koptsik, I find, should stand beside Weyl's classic treatise, ''Symmetry''". Werner Nowacki wrote a positive review: "This clearly written, beautifully illustrated book will become a standard work for all who are interested in unifying branches of natural sciences and of art, and we must be grateful to the translator, the editor, and the publisher for having produced such a precious publication."

However, Herbert Callen in ''American Scientist'', criticised the book:"The book remains as it was in its original edition - an exhaustive classification of symmetry groups for systems with particular types of symmetry operations, now updated by Koptsik. The larger philosophical and aesthetic extensions, however, do not meet Western standards of critical accuracy, rigour, or precision of statement; they are not pursued in any depth, and they draw on no currents of thought outside the Soviet Union."

==Influence==

Tony Crilly, when reviewing Jaswon and Rose's ''Crystal symmetry, theory of colour crystallography'' in The Mathematical Gazette in 1984 commented: "The beginning student would find ''Symmetry in Science and Art'' (by A. V. Shubnikov and V. A. Koptsick, 1974) a stimulating introduction to the ideas worked out in technical detail by Jaswon and Rose." István and Magdolna Hargittai in the preface to their book ''Symmetry through the eyes of a chemist'' remarked: "We would like especially to note here two classics in the literature of symmetry which have strongly influenced us: Hermann Weyl|Weyl's ''Symmetry'' and Shubnikov and Koptsik's ''Symmetry in Science and Art''".

In later reviews of the literature by Rolph Ludwig Edward Schwarzenberger|R.L.E. Schwarzenberger and by Branko Grünbaum and Geoffrey Colin Shephard|G.C. Shephard in their book ''Tilings and patterns'' the work of the Russian color symmetry school led by A.V. Shubnikov and Nikolay Belov (geochemist)|N.V. Belov was put into its proper historical context. Schwarzenberger, and Grünbaum and Shephard, give credit to Shubnikov and Belov for relaunching the field of color symmetry after the work of Heinrich Heesch and H.J. Woods in the 1930s was largely ignored. Однако они критикуют Шубникова и Копцика за то, что они придерживаются кристаллографического, а не теоретико-группового подхода, и за то, что они продолжают использовать свои собственные запутанные обозначения вместо принятия международных стандартных обозначений Германа – Могена для элементов кристаллографической симметрии.

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Книги по математике
Научно-популярные книги 1974 года
Симметрия